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Chapter Six: The Design In Nature by Harun Yahya
 Let's think of an aspirin
pill for a moment; you will immediately recall the mark in the
middle of it. This mark is designed in order to help those who
intake half a dose. Every product that we see around us is of a
certain design even though not as simple as the aspirin pill.
Everything from vehicles we use to go to work, to TV remotes.
"Design", briefly, means a harmonious assembling of
various parts into an orderly form towards a common goal. Going by
this definition, one would have no difficulty in guessing that a car
is a design. This is because there is a certain goal, which is to
transport people and cargo. In realization of this goal various
parts such as the engine, tires and body are planned and assembled
in the plant.
However, what about a living creature? Can a bird and mechanics of
its flying be a design as well? Before giving an answer, let us
repeat the evaluation we did for the example of a car. The goal at
hand, in this case, is to fly. For this purpose, hollowed bones,
strong muscles that move these bones are utilized together with
feathers capable of suspending in the air. Wings are formed
aerodynamically, and metabolism is in tune with the bird's need for
high levels of energy. It is obvious that the bird is product of a
certain design.
If one explores other creatures besides a bird, similar facts are
attained. There are examples of a certain meticulous design in every
creature. If one continues further on this quest, one would discover
that our selves are also a part of this certain design. Your hands
that hold these pages are functional as no robot hands could ever
be. Your eyes that read these lines are making vision possible with
such focus that the best camera on earth simply cannot.
Hence one arrives at this important conclusion; all creatures in
Nature, including us, are of a Design. This, in turn, shows the
existence of a Creator Who designs all creatures at will, sustains
the entire nature and holds absolute power and wisdom.
However, this truth is rejected by the theory of evolution that was
formed in the middle of 19th century. The theory set
forth in Charles Darwin's book "On The Origin of
Species" asserts that all creatures evolved within a chain
of coincidences and essentially mutated from one another.
According to the fundamental assertion of this theory all living
things go through minute and coincidental changes. If these
coincidental changes help the creature then it gains advantage over
the others, which in turn is carried onto following generations.
This scenario has been passed around as if it is a very scientific
and convincing one for 140 years. When scrutinized under a bigger
microscope and when compared against the examples of the Design in
creatures Darwin's theory paints a very different picture i.e.
Darwinism's explanation of creation is nothing more than a
self-conflicting vicious circle.
Let us first focus on the "coincidental changes". Darwin
could not provide a comprehensive definition to this concept due to
lack of genealogical knowledge in his time. The evolutionists who
followed him put forth the concept of "mutation" on this
subject. Mutation is arbitrary disconnections, dislocation or shifts
of genes in living things. Most important point is that there is not
one single mutation in history that is shown to improve the
condition of genetic information of a creature. Nearly all the known
cases of mutations disable or harm these creatures and the rest are
neutral in effect. Therefore, to think that a creature can improve
through mutation is same as shooting at a crowd of people and hope
that the injuries will result in healthier and improved individuals.
This would clearly be nonsense.
As importantly, on contrary to all the scientific data, even if one
assumes that a certain mutation could actually improve a being's
condition, Darwinism still cannot be delivered from inevitable
collapse. The reason for this is a concept called "irreducible
complexity". The implication of this concept is that majority
of systems and organs in living things function as a result of
various independent parts working together, elimination or disabling
of even one of which would be enough to disable the entire system or
organ.
For example, an ear perceives sounds only through a chain reaction
of a series of smaller organs. Take out or deform one of these, e.g.
one of the bones of the middle ear, and there would be no hearing
whatsoever. In order for an ear to perceive a variety of components
such as auditory meatus, malleolus, incus and stapes bones, tympanic
membrane, cochlea and fluid, sensory cells, vibration sensor
extensions of these cells, net of nerves that connect to brain and
hearing centre in the brain have to work together without exception.
The system could not have developed in segments because none of the
segments could possibly function alone at all.
Hence the concept of
irreducible complexity demolishes the theory of evolution from its
foundations. What is really interesting is the fact that Darwin also
worried about these very prospects. He wrote in On The Origin of
Species:
"If the
impossibility of formation of a complex organ through a series of
small changes was ever to be proven my theory would have certainly
collapsed. However I could not find such an organ..." (Charles
Darwin, The Origin of Species: A Facsimile of the First Edition,
Harvard University Press, 1964, p. 189.)
Darwin could not or might
not have wanted to find such an organ at the premature levels of 19th
century science. However the science of 20th century did
study the nature down to minute details and proved that majority of
living structures embody irreducible complexity. Therefore, Darwin's
theory has most "certainly collapsed" just as he feared.
As we examine the living beings we will not only see an immense
error Darwinism makes but also witness the greatness of wisdom that
these systems were created with. These mechanisms will be found
anywhere from the wings of a bird to inside a bat's skull. Hence we
will see the indisputable evidences of Allah's creation without
error. Likewise, the power and faculty of Allah to create without
error is expressed in a surah of Qur'an as follows:
"He is Allah -
the Creator, the Maker, the Giver of Form.
To Him belong the Most
Beautiful Names.
Everything in the heavens and earth glorifies
Him.
He is the Almighty, the All-Wise."
[Qur'an 59:24
(Al-Hashr)]
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